satellite communication

Satellite communication in telecommunication  the use of artificial satellites to provide communication links between various points on Earth. Satellite communications are critical components of the global communications system. Approximately 2,000 artificial satellites orbiting the Earth relay analogue and digital signals carrying voice, video, and data to and from one or more locations around the world

The antenna subsystem is complicated mechanical assemblies that are folded into dense packet for launch and must be deployed in large accurately alight assembly during orbit.control sub system provide tracking signal for precise pointing of antenna towards the earth coverage area. Satellite communication system uses a variety of antenna system. This maybe linear dipole helix horn antenna array and parabolic reflector However, the parabolic reflector is most commonly used antenna as it gives a highly directional symmetric radiation pattern

A transponder is a type of communication device that can either send or receive signals (or both). With a special transponder in your car, you can drive slowly through a tollbooth while your toll is electronically collected. The term transponder is a portmanteau or a combination of two words into one in this case, it comes from transmit and respond. Airplanes have transponders that communicate with radar used by air traffic controllers on the ground, and race cars have transponders that help them time their laps accurately

Several operations take place in a satellite communication system The main operations are orbit control, satellite altitude control, and monitoring and control of other subsystems. A satellite communication system is divided into two parts. These are the space and earth segments As a result, there will be two kinds of subsystems space segment subsystems and earth segment subsystems The diagram below depicts this concept

The process of placing the satellite in a proper orbit is known as launching process. During this process, from earth stations we can control the operation of satellite. Mainly, there are four stages in launching a satellite

If the earth station is directly beneath the satellite, it will receive the maximum signal level. Otherwise, it will not receive the maximum signal level, which decreases as the difference between the earth station's latitude and longitude increases. As a result, we can place the satellite in a specific orbit based on the requirements. Let us now discuss the look angles

The Global Positioning System, formerly Navistar GPS, is a satellite-based radio navigation system owned by the US government and operated by the US Space Force. It is one of the global navigation satellite systems that provide geolocation and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where four or more GPS satellites have an unobstructed line of sight

A satellite is an object that is in orbit around the Earth. Satellites do not all orbit in the same way, and there are several terms to describe the various types of orbit. A satellite in geostationary orbit is one that orbits the Earth just above the equator at the same speed and direction as the Earth, making it appear stationary to a terrestrial observer

Orbital velocity is the velocity required by satellites to stay in their orbits. The orbit or orbital pathway, whether elliptical or circular demonstrates a balance between the satellite's inertia which causes it to move in a straight line, and the gravity of  this orbital velocity is now determined by the distance between the planet's center and the satellite orbiting it. This velocity applies to planets revolving around the sun just as much as it does to natural or artificial satellites revolving around a planet

An object in such an orbit has an orbital period equal to Earth's rotational period one sidereal day, and thus appears motionless and fixed in space to ground observers. The concept of a geostationary orbit was popularised by science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke in the 1940s as a way to revolutionise telecommunications, and the first satellite to be placed in this type of orbit was launched in 1963. Communications satellites are frequently placed in geostationary orbit so that Earth-based satellite antennas (located on Earth) do not have to rotate to track them but can be pointed permanently at the position in the sky where the satellites are located

Space technology is technology that is used in outer space, for astronautic travel, or for other activities beyond Earth's atmosphere, such as spaceflight, space exploration, and Earth observation. Deep-space communication, in-space propulsion and a wide range of other technologies such as support infrastructure equipment and procedures are examples of space technology, as are spacecraft, satellites, space stations, and orbital launch vehicles. Working in space is so novel that it frequently necessitates the development of new tools and techniques. Many common terrestrial services rely heavily on space infrastructure, including weather forecasting remote sensing, satellite navigation systems, satellite television, and some long-distance communications systems. Two of the sciences that benefit from space technology are astronomy and earth science. New technologies are being developed.

Telemetry refers to the collection of measurements or other data at remote locations and their automatic transmission to receiving equipment (telecommunication) for monitoring. The word comes from the Greek roots tele, which means "remote," and matron, which means "measure." Tele command is the telemetry counterpart for systems that require external instructions and data to operate

Both satellites and earth stations have antennas. Let us now talk about satellite antennas. Satellite antennas serve two distinct purposes. Those who receive signals from earth stations and transmit signals to one or more earth stations based on the requirement. In other words, the satellite antennas both receive and transmit uplink signals The length of satellite antennas is known to be inversely proportional to the operating frequency. To reduce the length of satellite antennas, the operating frequency must be increased. As a result, satellite antennas operate at GHz frequencies